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The APB covers multidisciplinary aspects of green biotechnology. Students will acquire knowledge about transgenic crops in the world, processes to generate transgenic plants as well as strategies to engineer plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Development of new tools for plant biotechnology will be performed in the lab. Social aspects of green biotechnology will also be presented.

Study of mathematical methods and algorithms in bioinformatics: Topics: Probability and statistics (prerequisites, statistical estimation, Markov chains, evolutionary models, sequence alignment), Hidden Markov models (Viterbi algorithm), Bayesian networks (principles, network inference), sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees (evolutionary relations, multiple sequence alignment, tree building).

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The colloquium “Challenges in Plant Sciences” is a core class of the Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center's PhD program. The colloquium introduces participants to the broad spectrum of plant sciences within the network. The course offers the opportunity to approach interdisciplinary topics in the field of plant sciences.

Laboratory course with advanced experiments in the plant sciences, biochemistry, and structural biology.

Functional genomics is key to understanding the dynamic aspects of genome function and regulation. Functional genomics approaches use the wealth of data produced by large-scale DNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, proteomics and metabolomics. Today functional genomics is becoming increasingly important for the generation and interpretation of quantitative biological data.

Amino acids; structure of proteins; folding; dynamics and evolution; protein purification; sugars and polysaccharides; lipids and membranes. Enzymatic catalysis. Metabolism; Gene expression and propagation of genetic information; structure of DNA; ; transcription; protein biosynthesis; DNA replication. Gene technology; production of recombinant proteins

This introductory Laboratory course introduces the student to the entire range of classical and modern molecular biosciences. In the second year (Praktikum GL Bio II) the students will perform three praktikum days in:- Bioinformatics- Plant Physiology- Genetics and- Cell Biology II.(total of 12 experiments)Each experiment takes one full day.

Water balance, assimilation, transport in plants; developmental biology, stress physiology.

Water balance, assimilation, transport in plants; developmental biology, stress physiology.

Plant Biology: Water balance, assimilation and transport in plants; developmental biology and stress physiology.Neurobiology: Development and function of the nervous system, visual processing, human amnesia, theories of human and animal memory.Immunology: Introduction into the fundamental mechanisms of our immunological defence system.

In the module "Integrative Plant Sciences", which consists of the online course and seminar "Plant Response to Stress" (PRESS) and the colloquium "Challenges in Plant Sciences" , the focus lies on interdisciplinarity, ranging from molecular biology and biochemistry to ecosystem research, and an integrated understanding of plants in their environments.

Storage, handling and analysis of large datasets have become essential in biological research. The course will introduce students to a number of applications of bioinformatics in biology. Freely accessible software tools and databases will be explained and explored in theory and praxis.

Topics include:(i) Processes responsible for stability and variability of genomes and for the control of gene activities, particularly in eukaryotes. (ii) Modern techniques for the analysis of such processes. (iii) Practical applications in basic science, breeding, gene technology, and diagnostics.